Corruption in land governance plays a destructive role in provoking the backwardness of socio-political and economic development in the land sphere as well as of the state as a whole. It is manifested in various forms, like issuing false claims, invoices, valuations or employees records in return for particular benefits, engagement in extortion activities for preventing unfavorable decisions, avoiding troubles and arbitrary fines for violating building regulations or changing land use. It can also include sort of tax manipulations for producing suitable valuations or granting public contracts for private gain.
